an lushan rebellion death toll percentagean lushan rebellion death toll percentage

Wikimedia Commons. The Three Kingdoms as of 262 CE. An Lushan was extremely fat, and often played the jester to win favor. [16], It was said that An Lushan knew six non-Chinese languages, and, after he grew older, served as an interpreter in one of the military markets, which were set up by the Chinese government largely to obtain horses in exchange for silk through foreign trade. Estimating casualties is difficult; some place the death toll as high as 36 million, Roman Republic vs. Samnites. The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. In July 756 An Lushan and his rebel forces captured Chang'an, an event that had a devastating effect upon this thriving metropolis. WebChina (Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnggu), officially the People's Republic of China (PRC; Chinese: ; pinyin: Zhnghu Rnmn Gnghgu), is a country in East Asia. The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. toysmith shopping cart; 1994 treaty between russia and ukraine; alpenglow Yang Guozhong made repeated accusation against An to Emperor Xuanzong that he was plotting a rebellion, but the accusation were dismissed by Emperor Xuanzong. The Battle of Anqing (1861), by Wu Youru (c. 1886). [32], In 744, with further praises from the powerful chancellor Li Linfu and Pei Kuan, An was, in addition to Pinglu, made the military governor of Fanyang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Beijing). ; In addition to natural As people have mentioned, severe drops in population during periods of turbulence in Imperial China are generally more due to the collapse in bureaucratic registration than war-related casualties (not to say that the An Lushan rebellion was not devastating for many areas, in particular the Wei River Valley/Henan regions). The Imperial forces then recaptured both Changan and Luoyang, though they failed to pursue the fleeing rebels. By this point, a friendship had developed between An Lushan and the Emperor. The generals, after much discussion, decided to borrow troops from an offshoot of the Turkish Tujue Tribe, the Huihe tribe (ancestors of the modern-day Uighurs). [15][16], By 736, An Lushan carried a general title and was serving under Zhang Shougui as an officer of the Pinglu Army (, based in modern Chaoyang). [36], On Lunar New Year's day, 756 (5 February[1]), An Lushan declared himself Emperor at Luoyang, establishing a new state of Yan, making Zhang Tongru and the surrendered Tang official Daxi Xun () his chancellors. However, in his efforts to solidify his fledgling regime Zicheng sought to purge the military ranks of Ming loyalists. Istilah Pemberontakan An Lushan juga digunakan. [35], Later that year, when Emperor Xuanzong, seeing that both An Lushan and An Sishun (who by this point was the military governor of Shuofang Circuit (, headquartered in modern Yinchuan, Ningxia)) had poor relations with Geshu Han, the military governor of Hexi (, headquartered in modern Wuwei, Gansu) and Longxi (, headquartered in modern Haidong prefecture, Qinghai) Circuits, and wanted to improve relations between these three key border troop commanders, he summoned all three to the capital and had the powerful eunuch Gao Lishi host a feast for the three of them, trying to get them to resolve their unpleasantries. Chinese territory increased enormously and the From Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. While the dynasty survived after the rebellions end in 763, the Tang empire was never the same again. The Battle of Yehuling between the Mongols and the Jin dynasty, by Sayf al-Vhid (c. 1430). The beginning of the An Shi Rebellion in 756 marked the watershed of Tang power. A great revolt broke out that shook China to its very core. Try to overthrow the Tang dynasty and install his own. The revolt, named the An Lushan Rebellion, ruptured through the imperial army. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Yang predicted that if Emperor Xuanzong summoned An to Chang'an, he would surely not come. There were many occasions when a major change could have happened but was diverted by chance. It may not display this or other websites correctly. Knowing that he was out of favor, and fearing that An Lushan was planning to kill him, An Qingxu, along with He, Yan, and Li Zhu'er, decided to assassinate An Lushan. After my death, he will be your emperor." The An Lushan revolt, also called the An-Shi rebellion, occurred in China from 755 to 763 AD. Zhang, seeing that he had a large body and impressed by his plea, released him and had him serve as a police officer, along with Shi, and both of them were said to be capable at catching criminals. The rebellion overtly began on December 16, 755, when general An Lushan declared himself emperor in Northern China, thus establishing a rival Yan Dynasty, and ended when Yan fell on February 17, 763 (although After the death of Li Linfu, his rivalry with General Geshu Han and Chancellor Yang Guozhong created military tensions within the empire. The Revolt of An Lushan. FOR SALE! The An Lushan Rebellion spanned from 16 December 755 to 17 February 763. This rebellion involved the death of some 1336 million people, making it one of the deadliest wars in history. This section needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. An subsequently submitted a petition on their behalf, claiming that the accusations from Yang Guozhong were false, but Emperor Xuanzong took no actions against either An or Yang Guozhong.[36]. Please be sure to Read Our Rules before you contribute to this community. This period of intense instability opened the way for the Tang to regroup and form a united opposition to the rebellion. Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fleeing to Sichuan province (c. 11th century). The An Lushan Rebellion was an uprising against the Tang dynasty of China towards the mid-point of the dynasty (from 755 to 763), with an attempt to replace [14] In 742, Xuanzong further promoted Pinglu Army to be a military circuit, making An its military governor (jiedushi). Roberts. You should realize many of the bloodiest wars in history took place within China, which is partly just due to the population of China being historically greater than most other regions. Teatime History is your one stop destination for a better understanding of human history. It lasted for two decades and left around 25 million people dead, possibly more. WebPemberontakan ini juga dikenal sebagai Pemberontakan Tianbao (). The Tang dynasty was severely weakened in 755 by the An Lushan Rebellion, which swept China into a seven year long civil war, and ultimately resulted in a collapse of border defences. WebWeird History: An Lushan Rebellion. An reported this to Emperor Xuanzong, who ordered a retesting before him personally. An tried to fight back, but could not locate a sword that he had put under his bed. Starting with the invasion of Western Xia, by 1209 the victorious Mongol hordes descended upon their ancient enemy: China. The An Lushan Rebellion was a revolutionary action against the Tang Dynasty; the war The Three Kingdoms was a period of division within mainland China between the competing states of Wei, Shu, and Wu, lasting from 184 to 280. On one occasion, three days after his birthday, he was taken into the womens quarters of the palace dressed as a baby, and put through a mock adoption ceremony by Yang. One such general, Wu Sangui, consequently defected to the Qing cause and with their combined forces defeated the new dynasty at the Battle of Shanhai Pass. Zu Tianli (Chinese, 20th C.) "Year of the Dog" Original Watercolor on 175635071378 The war had few set battles, but this did not stop the Dungan Revolt from becoming one of historys most genocidal conflicts. By 1877, in Shaanxi, Gansu, and Ningxia, two million Hui Muslims were dead while roughly six million Han had also been killed. These deaths represented almost 50 percent of the entire population of the three provinces. [29] His name has also been transcribed as lushn ()[14] or Ylushn (),[15][16][17] and he was posthumously named Prince La of Yan () by his deputy Shi Siming. The Emperor even considered promoting An to be chancellor; however, Yang opposed this, and the promotion did not occur. His generals rarely saw him, and most important matters were handled through Yan Zhuang ().[42]. An Lushan next set out to take the Tang capital and the rest of southern China before the Tang forces could recover. [40], By this time, the Tang generals Guo Ziyi and Li Guangbi had fought their way into Emperor An's territory north of the Yellow River, cutting off the communication between Luoyang and Fanyang, causing much fear in An's troops. [37] However, this figure is contested for various reasons, and scholars attribute part of the "deaths" (the count being derived from the difference in population according to the Tang census before and after the rebellion) to a breakdown in Tang taxation and census gathering. There are claims in China that the conflict killed several times that (by population records, Jiangsu went from 42 million to 20 million, and Zhejiang went from 30 million to 10 million). As he was allowed to enter the palace, he asked that he become an adoptive son of Emperor Xuanzong's favorite concubine Consort Yang Guifei, and Emperor Xuanzong agreed. At the conference, however, Geshu and An Lushan got into an argument, which only stopped after Gao gazed at Geshu, stopping him from responding to An Lushan's insults. Originally a secret member of the Golden Turtles, the Chinese branch of the Order of the Ancients, his bitter feud with Yang Guozhong over leadership of the Golden Turtles spilled out into court Emperor Xuanzong was pleased by the comical situation and rewarded both Consort Yang and An greatly. [32], In 743, An visited Chang'an to pay homage to Emperor Xuanzong. All Rights Reserved. The death toll affected the Tang [44][45], The next morning, Yan announced to the Yan officials that An Lushan was seriously ill, and that he had appointed An Qingxu crown prince. An Lushan approached Changan with limited resistance, and in the summer of 756, the city, which had a metro population of roughly 2 million, was sacked. Without central leadership the Heavenly Kingdom fractured, allowing for the gradual defeat of disunited rebellious factions across the next seven years. Pulleyblank, E. G. "The An Lu-Shan Rebellion and the Origins of Chronic Militarism in Late T'ang China", in. An Lushan's forces were blocked from the main imperial capital at Chang'an by loyal troops placed in impregnable defensive positions in the intervening mountain passes, until Yang Guozhong, in a grossly inept military judgment, ordered the troops in the passes to attack An's army on open ground. Also surrendering to Yan forces were the former chancellor Chen Xilie and the key officials Zhang Jun () and Zhang Ji (), and An made Chen and Zhang Ji chancellors as well. Finally, in 763, after Luoyang was taken by the Tang forces for the second time, Shi Chaoyi committed suicide, ending the eight-year-long rebellion. 1978. The An Lushan Rebellion was a devastating rebellion against the Tang Dynasty of China. The An Lushan Rebellion. Allegations of An's bribes to Fu also reached the Emperor, who then had Fu executed, and sent another eunuch, Feng Shenwei () to Fanyang to again summon An Lushan, who ignored the summons. This allowed An Lushan to amass significant military power in northeast China. By the spring of 763 the Yan were defeated and driven from the capital;. Through Yangs patronage, An Lushan rose to prominence. 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