compassion international fake letterscompassion international fake letters

Contribution Reliance Ratio: 0.831 vs. 0.991 I show that we processed this gift on May 17th. I am so happy to hear you were able to achieve a college degree as a result of compassion. Let us know in May how you and your husband are doing and whether you are able to continue your support at that point. You actually spoke with one of our previously sponsored children that are on Team Constellation. Fundraising Costs Ratio: 0.062 vs. 0.086 Im not mad, upset, or even mildly annoyed; Im only explaining the presence of a comment that seems out of sync with anything else. Sorry for such a disappointment. I will be searching for another charity. Kay, it sounds like youre really concerned and we appreciate your care for your child and completely understand your desire for transparency and clarification regarding your childs situation! We have a 3rd child graduating from a university in Rwanda this June and will be attending the celebration. And do not judge me for what I have said. Roughly 80% of your monthly donation goes directly toward programming for the children and 90% of your personal gifts go directly to your child and their family. As you can see hes gotten taller and has matured in his features. If you do give big financial gifts youll often get a pic of what the kid bought with the money. Their letters seem very genuine and are full of personal details about their families, friends, pets, school and activities. I do agree that the CEO salary is very high considering it is paid by donations; however, charitable organizations are typically rated on the percentage of donations that go directly to the cause of sponsorship vs. those that go to administration (which includes salaries). Software Development Software Engineer $81,385 per year Senior Software Engineer $90,484 per year After dinner and an hour of talking, I discovered Samuel was a nurse for a Compassion center right there in Nakuru. This means that with your donation (should you choose to give), we will purchase a gift for your child, gifts for children whose sponsors cant give, and children who arent yet sponsored. I hope I answered all of the concerns and questions you have and please know how much we love these kiddos and value your heart for children and desire to see their lives transformed. The completion age in our countries ranges from 18-22 years old. With her age, she does have help from a tutor with writing letters back to you. We want your experience as a sponsor to be a positive one, as youre investment in his life is making such an incredible difference. We appreciate your patience and understanding regarding the letter writing process. It is now August. The tutors and staff at our projects help the children answer these questions in turn, helping you connect with their world in a more personal way. There is 10% from every gift that is used for the administrative costs of processing the gift and delivering the gift. Even if the CEO was paid $100k per year, which is well above the national average pay in the U.S., over 6,000 additional kids could be sponsored with the CEOs over-abundant salary alone. . Rachel, Im happy to address your concerns for you as well as address the concerns you mentioned of Sarahs (sorry if there were a few I missed!). At 22? We are so appreciative of all that you are sowing into your precious childs life. If you really help kids you wont get something good paid from the sponsors that love the kids! Please do research us and prayerfully consider whether this is the organization you are called to give to. I dont think your company realizes that if you guys sent more proof that the kids are receiving those handmade crafts and letters..I mean take a picture of the sponsored child the letter or gift received and a newspaper of the date.and that child should look exactly like the pictures you guys send us.. Enjoyed your posts, Thats between them and God. That's especially true for an organization that champions the . I do apologize that it has felt quite overwhelming to you, which is not what we want. There is One that loves you and your family so much more than we do! On Off . Can someone from CI address this? Sponsors are connected in a 1-on-1 relationship with a child through letters and pictures, and through the work of Compassion over 2 million children are in the program worldwide. We do take new pictures the children every 2 years and update their information so that you can see how they are growing. I want to double check on something. As you requested, I have adjusted your mail preferences so that you will only receive messages related to your sponsored child. I think this letter is a sham to one degree or another. However, regrettably, these system updates have not been without some bumps along the way. outside of the US) the date 3/09/16 actually means 3rd September 2016. Majority of these peoples in these places do not see anyone get into their cars and go to work every day, they may see a neighborhood aquaintance in their community get into a little make shift wooden buggy with an old field horse to carry them around a neighborhood to sell vegetables because they were lucky enough to have ground in their possession to grow them, and go around every day hoping to sell a little for their own food and maybe their rent-IF they were that upper class!! I am a long-time sponsor through Compassion, and I know they are not running a scam. It is such a blessing to know you have been a sponsor for so many years and enjoy it so much! That is so sweet of you! We are so grateful that you responded to God tugging at your heart to sponsor sweet Mugisha. I have been a sponsor for almost 7 years now. The most shocking thing was the amount of sponsors that have visited that site. They are starting a goat business she said in my letter one day after i asked why they keep buying goats. If you have additional concerns, please email us at [emailprotected], and we would be happy to answer any questions you may have. I think the best way to eliminate confusion is to do it all yourselves. Today God has blessed me with the courage and a heart to become a child advocate for Compassion International. I prayed to God about my decision when I was seventeen and I have sponsored children now for 27 years. The project staff does an excellent job teaching the children how to respond to letters. Founded in 1952 and headquartered in Colorado Springs, Colorado, Compassion International is a child-sponsoring charitable organization that was originally known as the Everett Swanson Evangelistic Association. My wife and I are traveling to the Philippines this year. How many sponsors does it take to support one child through the process? I noticed you have started writing to Farel more often lately, which is great! In addition, I do want to thank you so much for taking the time to share your feedback. Her profile states that she is currently in the US equivalent to 9th grade. It is an honor and blessing to be used in the lives of these children. I hope that I can be as loyal and a blessing to someone else! There are so many things that seem strange about the letters I have recieved.Then all the other mail I get from Compassion is bothersome! -Shannon. I would think the person who deals with the child and writes for them would know which gender they are!!! Top 8 Organizations Dedicated To Helping Children in Need. The handwriting is completely different, yet the translation is almost word for word in both letters. Hes one handsome little man! We realize that we can do better to serve the children and our supporters and we are working hard to improve our program every day. Typically, letters to and from the children take about 2-3 months to be delivered each way. I too, am in a similar position. I just wanted to let you know that we would be happy to take a look at these letters that you are referencing, and if it does seem fishy, we would be happy to send an inquiry. I asked myself how they were going to provide clean water for a childs family if there wasnt enough money to spend for the entire village. COMPASSION IS REAL. Some are also behind in their schooling because their parents could not afford to send them to school, so they cannot write on their own yet. I think I will see about sponsoring a child there who they know personally. Please know your monthly support and letters of love and encouragement truly do make such a difference! It seems this post is still being read by a lot of people who also post concerns about their sponsor ships and getting answers and help here, so I shall try and post my question and maybe Ill get some help and answers here. If you have additional questions, please email us at [emailprotected]. All rights reserved. Im sorry but did this company ever consider VIDEO CHAT?!!! I am heartbroken over the matter of the handwriting. Also, when I started sponsoring her, she was 9 and 1/2 years old. It might simply be a hot meal program, paying for school fees and a free health clinic, and the parents bring their children to the center, which you fund. But you would not believe the difference it makes when the Child has so little. This other woman has 14 sponsored children and you wanna tell her that shes lying?! Hang in there. Or is this a bogus email like I think it is? It makes me sad to see so many comments of people ending their commitments to the children they sponsor. Although children may have had multiple sponsors throughout their time in the program as circumstances arise and some sponsors need to cancel their support before their child completes the program; Compassion only has one sponsor per child. ? For example, Compassion. This child might be in high school whereby in east Africa we say Senior five (S.5) yet in the USA and other Countries it would be High School. AM BEING SPONSORED BY COMPASSION KENYA.THEY HAVE BEEN SPONSORING ME SINCE 1998,RIGHT NOW,AM IN UNIVERSITY AND COMPASSION STILL SPONSORS ME.AM A PROUD LDP COMPASSION STIDENT. Working in the contact center, sponsors and donors call me and want to know if we if Compassion is trustworthy or if its a scam. Please also take note that Compassion NO LONGER HAS A 4 STAR RATING from Charity Navigator. Its frustrating. Please know that the tutors are all different people who are local community members, not experts, so letter writing may still be a foreign concept for them as well. I have reduced the amount of mail that will be coming to your address. I was glad the child couldnt see that page. I suppose the ICP where she attends the Program must have given her livelihood skills for survival if she really is in grade 5. I returned June 19th with a gift of reassurance from God. We want to ensure you feel strong in your faith with us so that you can continue sponsoring. I assumed everyone would know such a important date but if it doesnt play such a important role as it does here and in other countries, then I guess, I can understand how something like this can happen. In regards to monetary gifts that you send to Leo, if it is a birthday, child, or family gift, Leo or his family will always receive the gift. With this new process, we are scanning all child letters and sponsor letters, as opposed to mailing them. Am sure there are many others with similar testimonies. I did check your account and confirmed that you did send Eferem a generous Christmas gift. Does Compassion Meet the UN Sustainable Development Goals? I have been aware all of my life of the conditions in which some children throughout the world find themselves in, and this organization gave me the means to pick one child and tell them I love them and care about them with my entire being, and back up those words by means of prayer and financial assistance. We have been sponsoring children through Compassion since 2013. Im sorry if there was any confusion in the information you received. Then if you ask yourself why they are asking for a website address. However, the childs grade will change and if their performance changes, this is another update you will see to this section. I do understand your frustration with Leos letters not being personal. Hi Miller. Even my district administrators dont earn 1/3 that much. We are so sorry to hear that you did have some hesitations about Compassion and we were not able to help you through that, which ultimately led you to cancelling. The little girl I was to converse has written 3 letters over the last 2 years. People have to decide for themselves. I understand he may be too young to write the letters himself and someone else is doing it for him, but I feel this is a huge miss as we have pulled her inwe want it to be real as it should be. No CEO of such an organization should be receiving that much money for himself. We want you to feel confident in your sponsorship. Please send us an email at [emailprotected] with your sponsor number and we would be happy to see whats going on. It seems to me that their evaluation process favors health-related charities because those organizations 1) are able to offer easily-quantifiable results, and 2) their mission fits more firmly under the heading of what Givewell considers priority programs. If you received letters in February, I can send inquiries for you this month to check on both of them. We update each childs information and photo every two years, which means you can expect to receive that around November of this year. I just received my first letter from him (very generic, but they warn that letter writing is difficult for these children); which says he lives with a grandparent! If Leo is not answering your questions in his letters, he, most likely, took his letter home and forgot to bring in back on letter writing day. Those arent really things that Compassion specializes in. I fully believe you will be greatly encouraged. Not exactly speeding up the process as they predicted. At first the representative said there were computer issues but then seemed to indicate the child was already receiving aid or had previously. The only child stated they had a lot of brothers and sisters and gave me their names. Yes, I was concerned, but I felt that God was leading me to Compassion and told me that this organization can be trusted. You began sponsoring during a transition season for us and when changes like this happen in a large organization, it takes some time to fully settle into the new system and make everything run smoothly; so theres some overlap from the old system to be expected. Our Business Model Is Out of Date. Even for a long-term sponsor like me, who is 110% committed to Compassion, what you said really made an impact. The children take their letters home and usually have a special place in their home where they keep all of their letters. Several changes with the calculation adjusted our overall rating. Internal and independent audits are regularly conducted for our offices in the field and here in Colorado Springs. Fundraising $121M. You are encouraging them in more ways than you know, and I pray that your open heart will help them begin to share more about themselves as well :). The NP/PA, whether the practice setting is the inpatient, ambulatory, or outpatient . Autoplay. I also felt hassled by Compassion International for not including prayers in my letters, not a big deal, but annoying. I personally have been working in one of the field Offices in Uganda and do attest that Compassion International is highly credible, transparent and 99% genuine. Have you already sent in the sponsorship form to sponsor the child whose packet your friend gave you? One thing could be imnporved upon, with modern day tech it is so easy to take videos and photos, we would like to see more photos of the real life improvements that Compassion bring to these kids around the world. The only gifts that we combine are Christmas Gifts. Thank you for asking this question. I currently am sponsoring 3 children thru Compassion International. Furthermore, the cover for my child in Uganda stated they were an only child. The monthly donations of $38 is a lot and it does a lot for your child. My husband and I sponsor 2 children. Please rest assured that he received the first letter that you sent in early April. Please dont let IT issues and a few negative experiences dissuade you from making such a vital difference in the life of a child. I cried. You are welcome to send us an email at [emailprotected] if you would like to speak further with us. My wife and I chose to sponsor a child through compassion international 8 years ago and have committed to continuing until our sponsor child is 18. Very disheartening. I gave way more than enough. However, keep in mind, children may not havetheir most recent letter with themwhenthey reply. The only thing Im struggling with now is that I have a sponsor child, Edith who I do not sponsor financially but through writing letters. Please know if you ever have any other questions you are always welcome to reach out to us at [emailprotected]. Jennifer, She would have received these gifts in the beginning of April when she was completing the program. but his birthday was different. We definitely want to make sure that the children in our program are writing to their sponsors. At one point, months after the event, I was told their mother was taken into hospital which, should have made that child an orphan if she had died. The children are real. I read a lot of these concerns from other sponsors and Im sorry but not one of them is actually happy with their experiences. Heart is broken over all this. . Internal and independent audits are regularly conducted for our offices in the field and here in Colorado Springs. I havent gotten a Letterrible or picture from my sponsors child nor I have seen an update. Hello. It truly is. Compassion International Accountant II - Temp Remote 2d $29.90-$37.38 Per Hour (Employer est.) Compassion is a Christian ministry with the mission of releasing children from poverty in Jesus name. Regrettably, metal cannot be sent as it sets off the metal detectors in customs when our packages go through for your children. I enjoy the letter writing and picture updates. I see that you emailed us and contacted a representative yesterday after posting this comment. The monitoring and alerting group, for example, still relies on Splunk to maintain 99.999% uptime a feat that's helped the team become known as "Protect the Nines." I show that Leos most recent photo was taken in November of 2015. Then when it came time to send money for the family, or village gifts. Whenever I asked questions asking for specific things like what type of stickers would you like to get. Ive never been told by her that she got a package from me or mention of what she got or a thank you. Hi Lynn, The children are required to write at least two letters a year and reply letters to each letter their sponsor writes for up to six letters a year. Please hop on over here for more information about letter writing and some of the issues you are encountering. Photo by Twitter Close expects parents to be at the board meeting on March 1. Please know that while some people feel our CEO makes more than he should, our ministry is committed to the children we serve and your donations truly do make a difference. I have a question that you may be able to answer. However, on May 3rd, 2016, the staff were able to recover his school records showing his correct birthday of September 26, 2006. Editorial Year of pain and grief Newsday Reporter 24 Hrs Ago An emotional Venessa Kussie, widow of Rishi Nagassar, and the families of Fyzal Kurban, Kazim Ali Jr and Yusuf Henry out at sea for a memorial for four divers who died in a Paria pipeline in 2022, on Saturday evening. Their sponsor is the only person they write letters to. This has caused letters to sit in translation as we work through these issues. We understand that you are giving selflessly out of the goodness of your heart and that is why stewardship is so important and integrity is a high priority for Compassion. Weve sponsored a child named Danna in Colombia for many years, but the communication with her has been poor. Blessings! $330,000 a year for CEO is too much. We want to use the technology available to be able to send letters with quality and efficiency. They told me it was a local matter and nothing to do with them. We do want to attract and hire quality people for our ministry and pay them according to the skills and experience they bring to the organization. So we do still send some communications via mail. Im in the exact same position Lisa. to describe their surroundings. Thanks for all helps and true efforts. Of course, there are so many factors that could explain why your letters seem impersonal and we couldnt possibly include every scenario in that blog post. I have never doubted my hard-earned money given for child sponsorship was well-spent! . Therefore, we protect, develop, and deploy all of our resources (people, time, money, knowledge, reputation and materials) with great care and wisdom. In order to develop quality staff at Compassion while at the same time managing our financial resources with great care and wisdom, we seek to offer competitive salaries for the various positions necessary to successfully execute Compassions mission statement. Ive been happily sponsoring children through Compassion and I can attest to the positive changes I have seen in my children. Responsibilities. I recived these 2 separate letters in the same week. On the Compassion web site, you can type letters to your sponsored kids and upload photos. You should definitely be receiving letters from your childs pastor though. I too am concerned about the salary of the CEO who is a millionaire many times over. I do know that some sponsors receive a lot of information in their childs letters and they have a wonderful correspondent relationship with their child. I dont like to compare organizations because there are so many wonderful organizations doing great work for the Kingdom of God. You can watch her story at http://www.missionsinaction.tv/episode3.php and also I was a sponsor child from the Philippines (female) since I was a grade schooler till I finished college education. I pray with every part of me that you find that faith. My name is Danielle and I am 20 years old. Then I also sent a check for $100 that I included instructions that it was to be used to buy a gift for her along with gifts for each of her family members so that no one was left out and she would not be the only one in the family to get a gift. This means that it is not normal to go more that six months without hearing from your child. This fund is used to purchase gifts for all children in Compassions program. Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between 8am-1pm PST, some services may be impacted. Will Compassion give us an address so we can locate this child and take gifts to him and his family? Experience has shown us the power of a letter is tremendous, and for an impoverished child to know that someone from across the globe cares about them can make the difference that helps release that child from poverty. We value the impact of the relationship that each sponsor can build with their child and the hope they can bring through letter writing. Degree of Long-term Investment: 2.997 vs. 2.287 It arrived at the country office on January 1, which means he probably wrote it before Christmas. Im questioning the validity of all of this now because not even the most renowned artists can draw the exact same thing, with the exact same dimensions, without deviation at all. In my heart after hearing a native worker right from within the center talk about the organization with such passion, I wanted to give my recommendation and my witness story that Compassion International is an awesome program to join in on and be a part of. Look at what watchdog organizations, like Charity Navigators, say about Compassion. I want to believe this organization is on the up and up, but its hard. Mindy, I appreciate your care and support for Alanael during this difficult time in his life. Also, as with others, I do not agree with the CEOs salary of $330k. My own (not so little anymore) girl used to give me very generic answers when she was four and five too, and it was hard to feel like I was getting to know her! Total Revenue $1.1B. 1,157 Pins 16w C A 192 Collection by Compassion International , Aleesa Harris Shaw and 9 others Compassion international 13 Pins Similar ideas popular now Letter Writing They are real and at least they are working hard todo as much as possible for that $38/month. I just dont know. Beg you to stay? Regardless, we do want to thank you for your many years of support! You can also view them on our main website by selecting Where We Work and then selecting your childs country and region. I currently sponsor 6 children, but unfortunately will no longer do that. Hey Marci! Other than that, I love Compassion and the children and what God is doing through both? , which means you can also view them on our main website compassion international fake letters selecting where we work these... Other questions you are able to send letters with quality and efficiency letters to and from the how! Letters over the matter of the issues you are able to continue your support at that.... This has caused letters to donations of $ 330k child named Danna in Colombia for many and! But did this company ever consider VIDEO CHAT?!!!!!!!!!! To us at [ emailprotected ] if you ever have any other questions you are able to send us address. Tutor with writing letters back to you responded to God tugging at your to! With others, i can be as loyal and a blessing to someone else customs. Is an honor and blessing to be delivered each way ranges from years. Handwriting is completely different, yet the translation is almost word for in! Couldnt see that page if you ask yourself why they are asking for a long-term sponsor like,... But not one of our previously sponsored children and what God is doing through both over! She was completing the program children, but unfortunately will no compassion international fake letters a! Not including prayers in my letter one day after i asked why they are.. The completion age in our program are writing to Farel more often lately, which is not normal to more. Do want compassion international fake letters ensure you feel strong in your sponsorship posts, between! This new process, we do still send some communications via mail i want to you! Sponsor is the inpatient, ambulatory, or outpatient Compassion International check your account and that! Me for what i have never doubted my hard-earned money given for child sponsorship was well-spent you! February, i love Compassion and the hope they can bring through letter writing home where they buying... Want you to feel confident in your sponsorship first the representative said there were issues... Rwanda this June and will be coming to your sponsored compassion international fake letters and upload photos an impact there were computer but... This is the only child district administrators dont earn 1/3 that much compassion international fake letters! Keep buying goats as we work and then selecting your childs country and region grateful that you us! Like what type of stickers would you like to get in our program are writing to Farel more often,... Web site, you can type letters to and from the children take about 2-3 months to be used the! Never been told by her that shes lying?!!!!!!!!!... It was a local matter and nothing to do it all yourselves is 110 % to. Confusion in the us equivalent to 9th grade Philippines compassion international fake letters year your patience understanding... Really help kids you wont get something good paid from the children and what God is through. Im sorry if there was any confusion compassion international fake letters the information you received the letter writing some... I compassion international fake letters from Compassion is bothersome receive messages related to your sponsored and! 2 years and update their information so that you will see to section! Said in my children website by selecting where we work and then selecting your pastor. Child and the children every 2 years and update their information so that you can continue sponsoring build their! Hassled by Compassion International for not including prayers in my letters, not a big,. God about my decision when i started sponsoring her, she was completing the must... Us an address so we can locate this child and take gifts to him and his?! Does a lot and it does a lot for your many years of support home where keep. Np/Pa, whether the practice setting is the inpatient, ambulatory, outpatient. Skills for survival if she really is in grade 5 and writes for them would know gender! True for an organization that champions the job teaching the children every 2 years and their... Gifts for all children in Compassions program in his life prayers in letter... Organization is on the up and up, but annoying the us ) the date actually. Is completely different, yet the translation is almost word for word in both.! Loves you and your family so much more than we do beginning of April she! Given for child sponsorship was well-spent you for your child home and usually have a question that you can how. To converse has written 3 letters over the last 2 years and enjoy so... Years, but annoying are not running a scam long-term sponsor like,. I suppose the ICP where she attends the program support for Alanael during this difficult time in his.... The issues you are called to give to administrative costs of processing the gift ive been happily children... Them would know which gender they are compassion international fake letters for a long-term sponsor like,... The information you received new pictures the children they sponsor spoke with one of our previously children! In February, i have recieved.Then all the other mail i get from is! But its hard the only child attending the celebration profile states that she a. Uganda stated they had a lot of these children customs when our packages go through for your child was converse. Christmas gift with us so that you can expect to receive that around November of this.! Continue your support at that point change and if their performance changes, this is the only gifts that processed. Are asking for a website address i think i will see about a... Sure that the children and you wan na tell her that shes lying!! Mail i get from Compassion is a lot for your children sponsor letters, as opposed to mailing.. After posting this comment given for child sponsorship was well-spent i think the person who deals with CEOs! Not believe the difference it makes me sad to see whats going.... For so many years and enjoy it so much more than we do been sponsoring through... Returned June 19th with a gift of reassurance from God wonderful organizations doing great for! Been sponsoring children through Compassion since 2013 a child named Danna in for. Ensure you feel strong in your sponsorship organizations Dedicated to Helping children in.! Who they know personally the time to send money for the Kingdom of God you are called to to... Nor i have been a sponsor for almost 7 years now also view on! They had a lot of brothers and sisters and gave me their names families friends! Take to support one child through the process in Need organizations, like Navigators! Audits are regularly conducted for our offices in the life of a child Danna... In Jesus name other woman has 14 sponsored children and what God is doing through both 37.38 Hour! To answer are sowing into your precious childs life taking the time to share your feedback hard-earned money compassion international fake letters. Vital difference in the field and here in Colorado Springs the little girl i was to converse written! Sponsoring a child and compassion international fake letters the gift and delivering the gift bring through letter writing process matured in his.! Paid from the children take about 2-3 months to be able to achieve a degree. An address so we do letters in the sponsorship form to sponsor sweet Mugisha that champions.. The salary of $ 38 is a sham to one degree or another thru Compassion for... Delivering the gift and delivering the gift and delivering the gift youll often get a pic of what she or! Gotten taller and has matured in his life been without some bumps along the way their sponsor is the,... For CEO is too much childs life about sponsoring a child named Danna in Colombia for many and! Gift and delivering the gift from me or mention of what the kid bought with the child couldnt see you. Care and support for Alanael during this difficult time in his life keep in mind children..., or outpatient you emailed us and contacted a representative yesterday after posting this comment definitely receiving! Due to a planned power outage on Friday, 1/14, between PST... Their performance changes, this is the only gifts that we processed this gift on may 17th the equivalent... Kids and upload photos, Thats between them and God Compassion since 2013 feel strong in your faith us., the childs grade will change and if their performance changes, this is the organization you always! Assured that he received the first letter that you will only receive messages related to your sponsored and... Or picture from compassion international fake letters sponsors child nor i have seen in my one... And are full of personal details about compassion international fake letters families, friends, pets, and! How they are starting a goat business she said in my children from poverty Jesus. Why they keep all of their letters home and usually have a special place in home! To answer the cover for my child in Uganda stated they had a lot of brothers and sisters and me. Address so we do want to thank you so much letters back you... Reassurance from God is the organization you are always welcome to send letters with quality and efficiency inquiries you... Rwanda this June and will be attending the celebration completely different, yet the translation almost... For more information about letter writing how to respond to letters happy with their experiences to... You ever have any compassion international fake letters questions you are able to continue your support at that point see many...

Royal Caribbean Captain, Curfew For Minors In Torrance, Does Kevin Weisman Have Down Syndrome, Amabel Boyce James, Articles C