4. given Americans wider ranges of choice among the different political and economic . The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". 7. Citizens of various provinces may have different aspirations, ethnicity and follow different cultures. Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Importance of Federalism in Nigeria are listed and explicated herein. It can also be used as a way to change local laws when they arent shifting at the national level. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. This means that the citizens always have political responsibility to both governments who also secure their rights in the country. Federalism and the National Question: Assessing the implications of Ethnic Agitations and Marginalization in Nigeria Daniel O. Okorie Email: obinnadaniel31@gmail.com Department of Political Science, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, There appears to be widespread concerns that something fundamental is wrong with Nigeria as presently constituted, not . The U.S. government threatened to pull funding from the cities choosing this action, and then filed suit against them in an effort to try getting compliance. Edeh Samuel Chukwuemeka ACMC, is a Law Student and a Certified Mediator/Conciliator in Nigeria. The cookie is set by GDPR cookie consent to record the user consent for the cookies in the category "Functional". Rt. The federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. National decisions can sometimes compete with state decisions. Abacha regime, added more states making Nigeria a federation of 36 states and Federal capital Territory at Abuja. This form of government will also make it challenging for a single branch of government to obtain complete control over the structure. The centralization of Nigeria's fiscal federalism began with the report of the Dina Commission (1968) which argued that an appropriate revenue allocation system should result in a more equitable distribution of revenue among the states to achieve a balanced development of the federation. America wanted to control all the economic activities of the nation and raising the national government powers would enable them achieve it. The origin of federalism in Nigeria can be traced to the colonial era. Post-independence creation of states and further division of states created after independence was done as a framework for the development of Nigeria. I love this article,very educating and interesting But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, On the subject of policy innovation, Supreme Court Justice Louis Brandeis observed in 1932 that "a single courageous state may, if its citizens choose, serve as a laboratory; and . Nigeria therefore falls into the latter because of the wide diversities. Fiscal Federalism In Nigeria - Understanding The Core Issues By Kayode Oladele. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ We do hope that you find this article helpful. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . There are several pros and cons of federalism to consider when looking at it as a political system. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Proportional representation (PR) systems are argued to be the political system most advantageous to women's political representation. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. (2019) 'Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages'. The definition of federalism is straightforward: it is the federal principle or system of government. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. There are those who purchase goods in neighbouring state to escape sales tax in a particular state. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. THE BENEFITS OF FEDERALISM THE DRAWBACKS OF FEDERALISM Summary Read Also:Importance of the Nigeria Foreign Policy. The federal system makes government more manageable. And this is one of the factors responsible for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. IvyPanda. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. 150 Cute Korean girl names and their meanings you will love, 100+ romantic love messages for husband to make him feel loved, Elon Musk loses richest man title again as Bill Gates threatens Jeff Bezos, Dangote slides, ANA congratulates Tinubu, warns Obasanjo against undermining democracy, Know your State's returning officers for 2023 presidential election as INEC declares Tinubu president-elect, 2023 presidential election results: Full list of states Labour Party's Peter Obi won, Work with Soludo: Metchi tells Tony Nwoye, Macpee, Emeka Idu. This process can create positive or negative results. It has severally been emphasized by both the Northern and Western politicians that God did not create Nigeria but the British. However, where there is a conflict of authority between the federal government and regional government, the federal authority supersedes. Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria. The federal system makes government more manageable. States shall make agreement on how to deal with common problems that they face. This was meant to re-establish proper rule and national governance. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. The Babangida administration followed the same step and created 21 states and more local governments. Federalism provides ways by which these . For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. For example, traffic congestion along the Lekki-Ajah Expressway in Lagos state is a problem that can be best solved by the local government, keeping local factors in mind, rather than by somebody living in Kaduna. That means some people in the U.S. must follow four different sets of laws. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. One state might reduce their subsidy benefits to encourage people to move to a different state that offers a higher benefit. The desire to have authority to taxation and the general welfare of the citizens of America also made them increase national government powers. The Evolution of Nigerian Federalism Nigeria is, one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world with well over 250 ethno-linguistic groups, some of which are bigger than many independent states of contemporary Africa (Ojo, 2009). The Supreme Court of the United States underscored the point when it said that "the people of the United States are an integral, not a composite mass, and their unity and identity, in this . In the eight federal countries that use a party list, women constitute 21.4 to 48.2% of the central parliament, while the global average is 24.5% (Foster, 2020). The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Nigeria has seen itself as a federal structure since its transition from colonialism in 1960, although it has undergone periods of parliamentary and presidential federalism . What are advantages and disadvantages of Constitution? ensure the integrity of our platform while keeping your private information safe. The government, at the federal, state and local levels, should continue to be answerable to the Nigerian people, work assiduously to protect Nigeria as a nation-state and be mindful that the. Read Also:Importance of Journalism in Nigeria. Discuss the advantages of federalism Explain the disadvantages of federalism The federal design of our Constitution has had a profound effect on U.S. politics. This particular corroborated federalism in Nigeria. https://ivypanda.com/essays/federalism-2/, IvyPanda. Also, federal systems leads to unnecessary competition between different regions. Rich states offer more opportunities and benefits to its citizens than poor states can. What is federalism? "Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages." The structures of Federalism make it challenging to foster change because the desire to improve checks and balances must filter through multiple layers of government before it becomes effective. Bible Commentary Bible Verses Devotionals Faith Prayers Coloring Pages Pros and Cons, 9 Powerful Catholic Prayers Asking for Forgiveness, 50 Biblically Accurate Facts About Angels in the Bible, 50 Most Profitable Youth Group Fundraising Ideas for Your Church, 250 Ice Breaker Questions for Teen Youth Groups, 25 Important Examples of Pride in the Bible, Why Jesus Wept and 11 Lessons from His Tears, 25 Different Ways to Worship God and Praise the Lord. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. << student. Knowing who is responsible for specific issues can make it difficult for any aid to make it to its intended destination. The results that come from these efforts can then be useful when deciding if such an idea should be rolled out to the rest of the country. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. Just clear tips and lifehacks for every day, Advantages of Federal System of Government. /Height 235 Presently, Nigeria has a strong center and a weak component. From the above explanation, one can rightly say that the constitution of Nigeria and United States of America are federal constitutions while the constitution of France and the Republic of Ireland are Unitary constitutions. The various ethnic and religious groups that live together need to be reconciled for stability. The system causes government to have control of itself because of great rivalry of power between the state and the nation. Need to regulate interstate commerce power. This is why federalism is such a great advantage. There are increased interstate conflicts due to federalism. IvyPanda. Possessing taxation power under the 16. An example of this disadvantage involves the decision by several local and some state governments to become sanctuary designations where law enforcement does not help ICE in the U.S. with immigration detainment. Thus, the failure of Nigerian federalism can be attributed to its' abundance and dependence on oil resources. That will help you to understand more about a rigid and written constitution. The contradictions generated by this rigional arrangement threatened Nigeria unity. fiscal federalism and Nigeria development indexes (measured in terms of per capita income, literacy rate and infant mortality rate). But in Nigeria, The federal government controls about 80 percent of the resources in the country, leaving the state and local government at its mercy. Federalism provides room for innovation and experimentation. The fear of ethnic groups overlapping regional boundaries and the loyalties of castes cutting of some extent across provincial political boundaries also encourage some groups to support wider federal unions. Since gaining independence, the countries Nigeria looked up to using this system of government, and the zeal of the founding fathers to replicate such development at home, made them adopt federalism. Most of the democratic countries in the world today use this method of governing, including Australia, Canada, India, and the United States. Federalism is an efficient process. Figures are often tossed around about how much money we could save without it - $9 billion, $20 billion, or more. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. The Pros of Federalism. For the United States, it is the wage and wealth gaps to consider. The availability of resources in a particular region and the need for that area to control the resources has also been seen as a reason for a federal system in Nigeria. In many countries of the world, federalism has emerged as a means of accommodating the growing desire of people to preserve or revive the intimacy of small societies and the growing necessity for larger combinations to mobilize the utilization of common resources. Federalism can encourage the passing of ridiculous laws. The comparison of the results of these policies can give a clear idea of which policy is better and thus, can be adopted in the future. A recent example in the United States of this advantage is the requirement to drug test working adults who receive welfare benefits. This advantage is one of the reasons why aid for Puerto Rico during Hurricane Maria took longer to receive than states in the continental 48. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. It is also promotes regional inequalities. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria explained. The right of exit is a recognised political right as important as the right to vote, albeit it is much older. Natural resources, industries, employment opportunities differ from region to region. The constitution must be rigid to avoid frequent and unnecessary changes. Needs/Reasons For The Adoption Of Federalism In Nigeria In my view, federalism is a good system for Nigeria. Jega, A. Be the first to get hottest news from our Editor-in-Chief, Check your email and confirm your subscription. 2.5 It Encourages Innovation In Governing. On the other hand; a constitution is unitary when there are created by the law made by the central legislature and their existence depends upon the government to control, supervision of the central government. It is the result of the highly established units which can usually be absent. Cookies are small files that are stored on your browser. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. We will write a custom Assessment on Federalism System, Its Advantages and Disadvantages specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Federalism in Nigeria refers to the devolution of self-governance by the West African nation of Nigeria to its federated states, who share sovereignty with the Federal Government . The powers that exist between the federal and state government also depends on the constitution. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. Federalism was further adopted because the developed countries from which Nigeria borrowed democracy practice federalism. Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. There is no way to obtain runaway power in this structure unless voters approve of that process first. Central Versus Provincial This process is one of the primary reasons why democratic countries choose this form over the other governing options which are available. Benefits of this federal system better tackles regional and local problems and needs thus, federalism seemed to be for... 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